When you watch videos of Valentino Rossi in action in 2002—the first year of MotoGP, with 990cc machines—what you see is classical European riding. In corners he is slid off-center by one butt cheek, but his upper body remains more centered above the tank. His inside knee is down. He often lifted the rear tire during braking, then set it into turns a bit sideways. Good classic style.
He was taking his time in those early races, not pushing to the limit. He would shadow rivals such as Max Biaggi, Carlos Checa, and Sete Gibernau. He applied pressure and waited for two things: (1) evidence of fatigue in his opponent’s tires, and (2) a mistake. Then he boldly passed, often under unusual circumstances. This was an exhausting psychological game, as Rossi forced the man ahead to divide his attention between keeping a leading pace and preparing for the unknown moment of Rossi’s attack.
Racing is not a reflex contest. It is a high-speed intelligence test. Understanding is essential. In 2007, Rossi said, “If you are able to understand before (the others) a new profile of tire, a new part in the bike, you have an advantage in the work.”
Also, Rossi was backed by Jeremy Burgess, who saw to it that Vale’s bike was easier to ride fast than the others. By use of trackside engine mapping, the two created a situation in which Rossi, leading a given race, looked more in control and at ease than any of those following him. In 2004, Burgess said to me, “The engine delivery is the secret of the lap time.” If power could be made more usable, he could use more of it than his rivals.
When I asked Burgess how a team can find time to optimally set up the rapidly expanding electronic options, he said, “It helps a lot if your rider is intelligent.”
Naturally, as other teams learned to exploit trackside mapping and then other electronic strategies, this advantage was gradually lost. Rossi’s competitors also learned to match his degree of fitness. Casey Stoner, asked if modern technology has reduced passing in MotoGP, said, “I think it’s not the bikes that are reducing the passing. I think it’s just become such a professional sport that riders don’t make mistakes like they used to. Everyone has to train their butts off now, just to ride these bikes.”
To remain on top, therefore, a rider must continually devise new means of going faster. Everyone is learning from everyone else, driving the pace higher.
Insight into Valentino’s early MotoGP style came from things he and former teammate Colin Edwards said in 2008. Colin wanted a soft, supple tire carcass that would lay down the large footprint his style needed—for rapid acceleration after braking late, getting turned early, and using the rest of the corner for acceleration. Valentino wanted a stiff carcass that could generate large, steady cornering force as he swept around at high speed on a big line. When I asked Rossi what happened when he tried Colin’s rear tire, he said, “The bike jumps sideways.” The soft carcass, lacking stiffness to sustain high cornering force, buckles.
Despite his ability to change his style frequently enough to win titles on the very different 125, 250, 500, and MotoGP machines, Rossi did not adapt in 2011 and 2012 to the Ducati whose decline had driven Casey Stoner to Honda. Back on Yamaha in 2013, Rossi ran at the back of the leading group, apparently struggling to adapt to what the Yamaha had become in the meantime. The old Rossi was not up to the new work.
Then, in 2014, any onlooker could see changes in his riding. Much like Marquez, he was entering corners at substantial lean angle, then dropping down onto the tire edges only in the apex zone, not riding through the whole corner on them. He was moving his entire upper body off the bike to the inside, thereby holding the bike more upright. Skeptics have claimed lean angles are no greater than before, but they are looking only at the bike, and not at the lean angle of the center of mass of rider and bike combined. That angle has increased, and with it, corner speed.
Rossi said, “I’ve improved a lot compared to last year, especially in braking where I suffered last year very much. I try to use the tires in a better way, without stressing them too much.”
At Jerez in 2014, Rossi said, “I can brake 20 meters later. The gearbox makes the bike more stable so I can brake a lot deeper. I can really use the engine braking to stop, so I can divide grip more between the front and rear. Last year, it was all on the front.”
More Rossi from 2014: “If you want to stay on top, you must look at what the fastest riders are doing. I now use more of the top of my body to move outside of the bike to improve turning. I watch and I try to modify my position on the bike. I now move forward more to avoid wheelies.”
Asked if his new style is like that of Marquez, he replied” “It’s a bit like Marquez, but not exactly the same, as my legs are too long for that.”
The Yamahas that Rossi returned to are more powerful (Marquez has remarked on their strong off-corner acceleration), they now have the seamless gearbox, and they have improved braking stability. Bridgestone tires have evolved. Unless a rider fluidly adapts his style to such changes, exploiting every advantage they offer, he will fall behind. Rossi has lived at the front, and that is where his ability to adapt has again put him: leading the series.